Cumulação de Execuções
Autor | Manoel Antonio Teixeira Filho |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado. Juiz aposentado do TRT da 9.ª Região |
Páginas | 173-175 |
Page 173
Permite o processo civil (art. 780) que o credor — sendo o mesmo o devedor — cumule várias execuções, ainda que fundadas em títulos diferentes, “desde que para todas elas seja competente o mesmo juízo e idêntico o procedimento”.
A CLT nada dispõe a respeito da cumulação de execuções; ausente o obstáculo da incompatibilidade, nada impede que se aplique ao processo do trabalho a regra do art. 780 do CPC.
Nas edições deste livro, quando estava a viger o CPC de 1973, escrevemos sobre o art. 573, daquele Código: “Duas observações sobre o enunciado dessa norma civilista devem ser feitas antes de passarmos ao exame do assunto, propriamente dito. Em primeiro lugar a locução ‘títulos diferentes’, existente no texto processual civil mencionado, não só está a significar a existência de mais de um título da mesma natureza, como a presença de título de natureza diversa (judicial e extrajudicial). Em segundo, não se trata de identidade de ‘forma do processo’ e sim de identidade de procedimento, que é a expressão material, concreta, do processo”. Conforme se nota, o legislador acolheu esta nossa última observação.
A cumulação de execução destina-se, por suposto, a atender ao princípio da economia do juízo (um máximo de atuação do direito com um mínimo de atividade jurisdicional), pois, por meio dela, podem ser reunidas diversas execuções contra um mesmo devedor, evitando, desse modo, que, promovidas separadamente, exigissem uma atuação muito maior dos órgãos jurisdicionais. Não é desarrazoado afirmar, de outra parte, que essa cumulação subjetiva tem em mira acarretar menores prejuízos ao devedor, seja com custas ou emolumentos, ou mesmo com honorários advocatícios, uma vez que pode responder às diversas execuções em um só processo. Admitida como verdadeira essa afirmação, podemos dizer que o art. 780 do CPC se articula, ainda que pela superfície, com o art. 805 do mesmo Código, a teor do qual, “Quando por vários meios o exequente puder promover a execução, o juiz mandará que se faça pelo modo menos gravoso para o executado”.
Devemos destacar que a cumulação de execuções constitui faculdade do credor — conclusão que se tira da expressão legal “O exequente pode cumular (CPC, art. 780; destacamos); isso significa que não há, para o devedor, um direito de exigir a referida cumulação; este nem poderá, aliás, opor-se à cumulação empreendida pelo credor, contanto que os requisitos legais tenham sido atendidos.
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Execução no Processo do Trabalho 12.ª Edição 2017
- Livro I - Generalidades
- Etimologia e Conceito
- Natureza Jurídica
- Escorço Histórico
- Processo de Execução
- Procedimento Executivo
- Ação de Execução
- Princípios Informativos da Execução
- Legitimidade
- Competência
- Interesse Processual
- Requisitos Necessários para Realizar a Execução
- Execução Definitiva e Execução Provisória
- Cumulação de Execuções
- Execução de Obrigações Alternativas
- Execução Sujeita a Condição ou Termo
- Execução de Prestações Sucessivas
- Responsabilidade Patrimonial do Devedor
- Fraude à Execução
- Ato Atentatório à Dignidade da Justiça
- Execução Contra a Fazenda Pública
- Execução Contra a Massa Falida e Contra as Sociedades em Regime de Liquidação Extrajudicial
- Prescrição Intercorrente
- Recurso na Execução
- Suspensão e Extinção da Execução
- Nulidade da Execução
- Desistência da Execução
- Liquidação da Sentença
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