Execução Sujeita a Condição ou Termo
Autor | Manoel Antonio Teixeira Filho |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado. Juiz aposentado do TRT da 9.ª Região |
Páginas | 181-182 |
Page 181
A sentença, como instrumento de entrega da prestação jurisdicional, deve ser sempre certa, mesmo quando decida relação jurídica condicional (CPC, art. 492, parágrafo único); já não há lugar, portanto, nos modernos sistemas processuais, para as antigas “sentenças condicionais”, que, e. g., condenavam o réu a satisfazer determinada obrigação, caso viesse a ocorrer, no futuro, certo fato.
A exigência legal de que a sentença seja certa não impede, contudo, que ela resolva relação jurídica condicional; essa possibilidade, como vimos, está expressamente prevista no parágrafo único do art. 492, do CPC.
Particularidade a ser destacada, neste assunto, diz respeito à regra legal de que, se a sentença decidir relação jurídica sujeita a condição ou a termo, o credor não poderá executá-la sem produzir antes prova de que a condição foi realizada ou de que o termo adveio (CPC, art. 514). Trata-se, conforme está claro, de típica execução diferida, porquanto se encontra subordinada a condição ou a termo.
O conceito de condição está no art. 121 do CC: é “a cláusula que, derivando exclusivamente da vontade das partes, subordina o efeito do ato jurídico a evento futuro e incerto”, de tal maneira que, se a eficácia do ato foi subordinado a condição suspensiva, enquanto esta não ocorrer o indivíduo não terá adquirido o direito a que visa (CC, art. 125). Pensamos que a condição a que alude o art. 514 do CPC seja unicamente a suspensiva, pois a resolutiva, por força de regra legal, enquanto não realizada permite que o ato jurídico produza os efeitos que lhe são inerentes, podendo-se, em consequência — desde o instante em que é praticado —, exercer-se o direito nele previsto, até que advenha a condição, por isso mesmo dita resolutiva (CC, arts. 127 e 128).
Já o termo corresponde à “modalidade temporal que pode acompanhar a obrigação, estabelecendo o momento em que há de cessar a produção de seus efeitos”, no magistério de Caio Mário (apud LIMA, Alcides de Mendonça, obra cit., p. 206).
Termo e condição possuem um ponto comum: um fato que ainda irá acontecer; a distinção, contudo, reside em que, enquanto no termo esse fato é certo, na condição é incerto. O termo pode ser inicial — e nesse caso traduz a própria condição suspensiva — ou final, “vinculando-se à condição resolutiva”, como assinala Alcides de Mendonça Lima (obra cit., p. 206).
Page 182
Se a sentença trabalhista decidir relação jurídica sujeita a condição...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Execução no Processo do Trabalho 12.ª Edição 2017
- Livro I - Generalidades
- Etimologia e Conceito
- Natureza Jurídica
- Escorço Histórico
- Processo de Execução
- Procedimento Executivo
- Ação de Execução
- Princípios Informativos da Execução
- Legitimidade
- Competência
- Interesse Processual
- Requisitos Necessários para Realizar a Execução
- Execução Definitiva e Execução Provisória
- Cumulação de Execuções
- Execução de Obrigações Alternativas
- Execução Sujeita a Condição ou Termo
- Execução de Prestações Sucessivas
- Responsabilidade Patrimonial do Devedor
- Fraude à Execução
- Ato Atentatório à Dignidade da Justiça
- Execução Contra a Fazenda Pública
- Execução Contra a Massa Falida e Contra as Sociedades em Regime de Liquidação Extrajudicial
- Prescrição Intercorrente
- Recurso na Execução
- Suspensão e Extinção da Execução
- Nulidade da Execução
- Desistência da Execução
- Liquidação da Sentença
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