Direito ambiental
Autor | Alice Saldanha Villar |
Páginas | 585-586 |
Page 585
Súmula 467: Prescreve em cinco anos, contados do término do processo administrativo, a pretensão da Administração Pública de promover a execução da multa por infração ambiental. Data: 13/10/2010
A Súmula 467 do STJ traz duas regras sobre a cobrança da multa por infração ambiental:
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O prazo prescricional do Poder Público para a cobrança da multa por infração ambiental é de 5 anos, nos termos do art. 1º do Decreto 20.910/1932, à semelhança das ações pessoais contra a Fazenda Pública.1b. O termo inicial deste prazo prescricional é a data do encerramento do processo administrativo (e não a data da ocorrência da infração).
Cumpre informar que os valores arrecadados em pagamento de multas por infração ambiental, na medida em que se destinam à tutela de bens ambientais de natureza jurídica difusa, são revertidos para o Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente, Fundo Naval, fundos estaduais ou mesmo municipais para resguardar, diante de casos concretos, a tutela jurídica dos bens essenciais à sadia qualidade de vida.2JURISPRUDÊNCIA TEMÁTICA:
· "(...) Se a relação que deu origem ao crédito em cobrança tem assento no Direito Público, não tem aplicação a prescrição constante do Código Civil. - Uma vez que a exigência dos valores cobrados a título de multa tem nascedouro num vínculo de natureza administrativa, não representando, por isso, a exigência de crédito tributário, afasta-se do tratamento da matéria a disciplina jurídica do CTN. - Incidência, na espécie, do Decreto 20.910/32, porque à Administração Pública, na cobrança de seus créditos, deve-se impor a mesma restrição aplicada ao administrado no que se refere às dívidas passivas daquela. Aplicação do princípio da igualdade, corolário do princípio da simetria. (...)." STJ -REsp 623023 RJ, Rel. Min. ELIANA CALMON , 2ª Turma, DJ 14/11/2005
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· "(...) A jurisprudência desta Corte tem reconhecido que é de cinco anos o prazo para a cobrança da multa aplicada ante infração administrativa ao meio ambiente, nos termos do Decreto n.º 20.910/32, o qual que deve ser aplicado por isonomia, à falta de regra específica para regular esse prazo prescricional. - Não obstante seja aplicável a prescrição quinquenal, com base no Decreto 20.910/32, há um segundo ponto a ser examinado no recurso especial - termo inicial da prescrição - que torna correta...
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