Do Sentimento e da Lógica das Sentenças
Autor | Piero Calamandrei |
Ocupação do Autor | Jornalista, Jurista, Político e Docente universitário italiano |
Páginas | 123-130 |
Page 123
A fundamentação da sentença é sem dú-vida uma grande garantia de justiça, quando consegue reproduzir exatamente, como num levantamento topográfico, o itinerário lógico que o juiz percorreu para chegar à sua conclusão, pois se esta é errada, pode facilmente encontrar-se, através dos fundamentos, em que altura do caminho o magistrado se desorientou.
Mas quantas vezes a fundamentação é a reprodução fiel do caminho que levou o juiz até aquele ponto de chegada? Quantas vezes pode, ele próprio, saber os motivos que o levaram a decidir assim?
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Representa-se escolasticamente a sentença como o produto de um puro jogo lógico, friamente feito de conceitos abstratos, ligados por uma inexorável concatenação de premissas e de consequências, mas, na realidade, no tabuleiro de xadrez do juiz os peões são ho-mens vivos, dos quais irradiam insensíveis forças magnéticas, que encontram eco ou reação – ilógica mas humana – nos sentimentos de quem veio a juízo. Como se pode considerar fiel uma fundamentação que não reproduza os meandros subterrâneos destas correntes sentimentais, a cuja influência mágica nenhum juiz, nem o mais severo, consegue fugir?
Posto que continue a repetir-se que a sentença pode esquematicamente reduzir-se a um silogismo no qual, de premissas dadas, o juiz, por simples virtude de lógica, tira a conclusão, sucede às vezes que ele, juiz, ao elaborar a sentença inverte a ordem normal do silogismo, isto é, encontra primeiro o dispositivo e depois as premissas que o justificam. Esta inversão da lógica formal parece ser aconselhada oficial-
Page 125
mente ao juiz por certos preceitos judiciários, como aquele que, ao passo que lhe impõe a obrigação de declarar no final da audiência o dispositivo da sentença (isto é, a conclusão), lhe permite que retarde em alguns dias a publicação dos fundamentos (isto é, das premissas). A própria lei parece, pois, reconhecer que a dificuldade de julgar não consiste em encontrar a conclusão, o que se pode fazer num dia, mas em encontrar depois, após longa meditação, as premissas de que aquela conclusão, segundo o vulgo, devia ser a consequência.
As premissas, não obstante seu nome, são frequentemente postas depois. O teto, em matéria jurídica, pode assim construir-se antes das paredes. Não quer isto dizer, porém, que a parte dispositiva seja dita ao acaso e que a fundamentação tenha apenas o fim de fazer aparecer como fruto de rigoroso raciocínio o que na realidade é fruto de arbítrio...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Eles, os juízes, vistos por nós, os advogados
- Introdução
- Da Confiança nos Juízes, Primeiro Dever do Advogado
- Das Boas Maneiras (ou da Discrição) nos Tribunais
- De Algumas Semelhanças e de Algumas Diferenças entre Juízes e Advogados
- Da Pretensa Eloquência do Pretório
- De Certa Imobilidade dos Juízes durante a Audiência
- De Certas Relações entre os Advogados e a Verdade, ou da Parcialidade Obrigatória dos Primeiros
- De Certas Aberrações dos Clientes, das quais os Juízes se Devem Lembrar como Atenuantes dos Advogados
- Considerações sobre a Chamada 'Chicana
- Da Predileção dos Advogados e dos Juízes pelas Questões de Direito ou pelas de Fato
- Do Sentimento e da Lógica das Sentenças
- Do Amor dos Advogados pelos Juízes e Vice-Versa
- De Certas Tristezas e de Certos Heroísmos da Vida dos Juízes
- De Certas Tristezas e de Certos Heroísmos da Vida dos Advogados
- De uma Certa Coincidência dos Destinos dos Juízes e dos Advogados
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