Técnicas de Fotografia
Autor | José Fiker |
Ocupação do Autor | Doutor em Semiótica e Linguística Geral (com enfâse em Laudos Periciais) pela USP |
Páginas | 147-149 |
Page 147
Existem dois recursos muito importantes nas câmeras fotográficas para conseguir a qualidade desejada em uma foto. São eles: o obturador e o diafragma.
O obturador regula a velocidade de exposição do filme. Um tempo de exposição curto pode “paralisar” o movimento de um objeto, mostrando sua posição num dado momento. Um tempo de exposição longo, por outro lado, pode ser usado deliberadamente para acentuar o borrão ou tremor, provocando uma sensa ção de movimento na fotografia.
Se um fotógrafo não pode ou não quer mudar a velocidade para ajustar a quantidade de luz que atinge seu filme, poderá usar um segundo ajuste. Basta alterar o tamanho do orifício, tecnicamente conhecido como abertura do diagrama, por meio do qual a luz entra na câmera.
Essa abertura do diafragma trabalha como pupila de um olho, pode ser di latada ou contraída em função da luminosidade. O diafragma, localizado no interior da objetiva, consiste num anel de finas folhas de metal, superpostas. Girando-se um anel da lente, as folhas se movem, permitindo a passagem de toda a luz que atin ge a superfície da lente. Girando-se o anel
Page 148
na direção oposta, o diafragma vai formando um orifício cada vez menor. Sua es cala é medida por números “f”. Os números f comumente usados são: f/1.0, f/1.4, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/32, f/45, f/64. O maior deles é f/1.0, que admite a maior qualidade de luz.
Uma modificação do tamanho da abertura do diafragma, não só afeta a quantidade de luz que atinge o interior da câmera, como também tem um efeito muito importante no foco: à medida que a abertura diminui de tamanho, mais nítidas se tornam a parte de trás e a parte da frente de uma cena. Essa zona de nitidez é conhecida como profundidade de campo. Ma nipulada com habilidade pelo fotógrafo, pode enfatizar detalhes de uma fotografia e disfarçar outros.
Se a diminuição excessiva da abertura do diafragma, para alcançar mais profundidade de campo, sacrifica a luminosidade da fotografia, pode-se compensar essa falta de luminosidade, diminuindo a velocidade de exposição do filme.
Quanto à granulação, filmes de baixo sensibilidade possuem granulação mais fina e maior variedade de tons...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Perícias e Avaliações de Engenharia. Fundamentos Práticos
- Prefácio
- Apresentação
- Definições e Conceitos
- Laudo - Seu enquadramento na estrutura de um discurso
- Exemplo de Aplicação do Método do Evolutivo
- Método Comparativo Direto
- Desenvolvimento do Processo Judicial
- Espécies de Laudos
- Laudos para Bancos (Avaliações)
- Principais Tópicos de Laudos
- Exemplo de Parecer Técnico Divergente para Laudos de Avaliação
- Exemplo de Laudo Judicial de Perícia
- Exemplo de Parecer Técnico Divergente para Laudo Pericial
- Exemplo de Parecer Técnico Concordante para Laudo Pericial
- Análise do Laudo do Perito e dos Pareceres Técnicos dos Assistentes do Autor e do Réu
- Exemplo de Laudo de Vistoria Cautelar
- Exemplo de Laudo de Uso Restrito
- Método de Avaliação de Aluguel para Estacionamentos
- Técnicas de Fotografia
- Bibliografia
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