Erro em matéria penal
Autor | Heráclito Antônio Mossin - Júlio César O.G. Mossin |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado criminalista ? Professor de Direito Processual Penal e Direito Penal da UNAERP ? UNIRP - FAAP ? Membro da Academia Brasileira de Direito Criminal (ABDECRIM) e Academia Ribeirãopretana de Letras Jurídicas - Advogado criminalista - Curso sobre a reforma pontual do Código de Processo Penal, ministrado pela Escola Superior da Advocacia (ES... |
Páginas | 219-221 |
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Erro e ignorância: Erro é a falsa representação da realidade. O agente supõe uma realidade diferente daquela que efetivamente existe. É a falsa noção ou conhecimento. Ignorância é o desconhecimento, a ausência de representação da realidade. Ignorar é não saber. É a ausência total do conhecimento. Erro e ignorância se equivalem, já que seus efeitos jurídicos são os mesmos: EXCLUEM O DOLO.
ERRO DE TIPO
É aquele que incide sobre os elementos constitutivos da figura penal (tipo) e impede o autor de ter a representação de estar, em concreto, realizando a conduta típica descrita em lei (art. 20, CP). Pode atingir o elemento factual ou jurídico.
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Elemento factual: O erro de tipo incide sobre o elemento factual ou jurídico da figura típica. Diz respeito ao núcleo do tipo (matar, subtrair); ao objeto material (coisa móvel, documento); aos sujeitos do crime (ativo ou passivo). Ex: Ter conjunção carnal com pessoa menor de 14 anos, supondo que tivesse idade superior; contrair casamento com mulher casada, supondo que fosse solteira; toma coisa alheia como sendo própria; atira em alguém supondo que é um animal.
Elemento júridico: Ocorre quando o erro incide sobre o elemento de proibição contido no tipo. Ex: No crime de contrabando (art. 334, CP), o gente erra sobre a proibição que existe em importar determinada mercadoria. (OBS: A hipótese nada tem a ver com o erro de proibição, que diz respeito à antijuridicidade de. Aqui a proibição é elemento jurídico do tipo, de sua figura descritiva.
Exclusão do dolo: O erro de tipo exclui o dolo, quando for ele invencível ou escusável (desculpável). Punição por culpa: Haverá se o erro for vencível ou inescusável (injustificável). Deve haver previsão de punição a título de culpa (reserva legal). Ex: O agente adquire um bem supondo que sua origem seja lícita, porém o mesmo é produto de crime (o erro de tipo exclui o dolo da receptação - art. 180, CP). Todavia, se pela desproporção do preço pago e o valor do objeto no mercado deixou ele de presumir que o objeto foi obtido por meio criminoso, responde por receptação culposa (art. 180, § 1º, CP) - (Imprudência). h ERRO DE PROIBIÇÃO OU SOBRE A ILICITUDE DO FATO
É aquele que versa sobre a ilicitude do fato (antijuridicidade) (art. 21, CP). Por erro plenamente justificável, supõe que sua conduta não é proibida, não é ilícita, não é antijurídica. Não sabe que o fato praticado é contrário ao direito. Assim, embora agindo com dolo, atua com erro quanto...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Exame da OAB 2ª Fase Penal
- Direito Penal
- Conflito ou concurso aparente de normas
- Prazo penal e sua contagem
- Relação de causalidade
- Consumação e tentativa
- Crime impossível (Tentativa inidônea)
- Erro em matéria penal
- Desistência voluntária
- Arrependimento eficaz
- Arrependimento posterior
- Excludentes de antijuridicidade
- Excludente de culpabilidade
- Concurso em matéria criminal
- Das penas
- Suspensão condicional da pena (sursis)
- Reabilitação
- Prescrição criminal
- Súmulas direito penal
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