O emprego da ilustração
Autor | José Fiker |
Ocupação do Autor | Doutor em Semiótica e Linguística Geral (com enfâse em Laudos Periciais) pela USP |
Páginas | 33-34 |
Page 33
O perito pode usar metáforas para enfatizar o que está dizendo. Por exemplo: “Pescar em águas turvas” é “buscar a prova onde não se pode enxergá-la, é procurar inventar o que não existe”. A metáfora consiste na transferência de uma palavra para um âmbito semântico que não é do objeto que ela designa, e que se fundamenta numa relação de semelhança entre o sentido próprio e o figurado. Exemplo: Fulano é uma “raposa” (esperto).
Pode ser usada também a metonímia, que é a designação de um objeto por palavra designativa d’outro objeto que tem com o primeiro uma relação. Exemplo: causa e efeito (trabalho, por obra); continente e conteúdo (copo, por bebida) etc.
A transposição de sentido só é válida em determinada cultura, o que Hjelmslev (1975) chamou de conotação. Por exemplo, na Índia, a vaca é um animal sagrado que encarna o domínio de si mesmo e a harmonia do cosmo; portanto, na Índia, a vaca transmite a conotação de “sagrado”. Aqui, no Brasil, é um animal lerdo e atrapalhado, portanto a “vaca louca” transmite a conotação de falta de direção; é justamente o contrário do conceito indiano de domínio de si mesmo.
Page 34
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Linguagem do laudo pericial. Técnicas de comunicação e persuasão
- Sumário
- Objetivos centrais do estudo
- O que não se aprende na escola
- Perito e juiz falam de forma diferente
- Perito e juiz pensam de forma diferente
- Mecanismos de persuasão
- Polifonia, ilocução, perlocução
- Demonstração e argumentação
- O auditório do perito é o juiz
- O emprego da ilustração
- Espacialização, temporalidade, distanciamento pessoal
- O uso da sintaxe para acentuar a realidade
- Como evitar ambiguidades com termos de significados diversos
- Marcas que registram temas sobre os quais o perito disserta
- Ambiguidades linguísticas
- Coerência textual
- Traços reveladores de intenção
- Produção do discurso (laudo)
- A sentença do juiz
- O parecer técnico do assistente
- Formulação de quesitos
- Resposta aos quesitos
- Aplicação do método científico
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