Empréstimo
Autor | Cristiane Maria Vieira |
Páginas | 91-95 |
Page 91
Definição
Uma das partes entrega uma coisa para outra, a fim de que esta a devolva após certo prazo.
Há duas espécies de empréstimo:
· Comodato - empréstimo de coisa infungível; não pode ser substituído.
· Mútuo - é o empréstimo de coisa fungível. Empréstimo de consumo em que se restitui quantia ou quantidade equivalente, efetivando-se com a entrega da coisa objeto do contrato.
"Art. 579. O Comodato é o empréstimo gratuito de coisas não fungíveis. Perfaz-se com a tradição do objeto."
Comodato - há entrega de coisa e este terá de devolver a mesma após certo prazo; não transferindo o domínio, perece sem culpa do comodatário Res perit domine.
Natureza Jurídica
Unilateral - só há obrigação do comodatário (guardar, cuidar, uma das partes e devolver, restituir).
Comodato se aperfeiçoa com a entrega efetiva da coisa.
Contrato real - se a coisa for entregue (tradição).
Contrato gratuito - não há caráter especulativo ou de lucro.
Caráter oneroso desnatura sem desvirtuar o comodato (jurisprudência); empréstimo de trator (coisa infungível).
Faz-se o contrato com identificação de comodato porque a sua essência é a gratuidade.
Não se permite prova testemunhal, não se admite nos casos acima de dez salários mínimos.
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"Art. 582. O comodatário é obrigado a conservar, como se sua própria fora, a coisa emprestada, não podendo usá-la senão de acordo com o contrato, ou a natureza dela, sob pena de responder por perdas e danos. O comodatário constituído em mora, além de por ela responder, pagará, até restituí-la, o aluguel da coisa que for arbitrado pelo comodante."
Obrigações do comodatário
Conservar - servir-se de modo adequado.
Restituir - devolver quando for solicitado.
"Art. 581. Se o comodato não tiver prazo convencional, presumir-se-lhe-á o necessário para o uso concedido; não podendo o comodante, salvo necessi-dade imprevista e urgente, reconhecida pelo juiz, suspender o uso e gozo da coisa emprestada, antes de findo o prazo convencional, ou o que se determine pelo uso outorgado."
Ex.: se empresto uma colheitadeira para colher amendoim, acabada a colheita, presume-se o prazo extinto, posso reclamar a coisa.
"Art. 582. Se, correndo risco o objeto do comodato juntamente com outros do comodatário, antepuser este a salvação dos seus, abandonando o dono do comodante, responderá pelo dano ocorrido, ainda que se possa atribuir a caso fortuito, ou força maior."
Todas as despesas correm por conta do comodatário, o contrato é...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Contratos. Teoria Prática. Legislação
- Teoria Geral sobre os Contratos
- Dos Contratos em Espécie Compra e Venda
- Troca ou Permuta
- Contrato de Doação
- Da Locação
- Empreitada
- Empréstimo
- Depósito
- Mandato
- Fiança
- Contrato de Seguro
- Gestão de Negócio
- Contrato de Edição
- Parceria Agrícola
- Do Franchising
- Do Factoring (Faturização)
- Do Leasing (Arrendamento Mercantil)
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