Exceções Cambiárias - Algumas Considerações
Autor | Roberto Silvestre Bento |
Páginas | 129-131 |
Page 129
A deficiência de forma (vícios de forma) descaracteriza a cambial como tal; a posse viciada, em confronto com a lei, descaracteriza e torna ilegítimo o exercício da ação de cobrança.
A integridade da cártula está amparada pelo princípio da abstração.
O interesse do devedor cambiário e os limites de sua obrigação estão acautelados pelo princípio da literalidade, enquanto o interesse do credor acha-se custodiado pelo princípio da autonomia.
A Súmula n. 387 do STF tem presença assegurada neste painel.
Súmula n. 387. “A cambial emitida ou aceita com omissões, ou em branco, pode ser completada pelo credor de boa-fé antes da cobrança ou do protesto.”
Esta matéria sumulada espanca dúvidas pairantes quanto à eficácia da cambial assinada (emitida, sacada ou aceita) em branco.
As assinaturas vinculam os seus autores cambialmente. O obrigado cambial pode ser afastado da obrigação valendo-se de exceções cabíveis, juridicamente relevantes.
A teoria das nulidades dos atos jurídicos pode ser invocada com pertinência às exceções manejáveis pelo obri-
Page 130
gado cambial, às vezes, com eficácia até contra o possuidor de boa-fé.
O ato jurídico válido exige livre e consciente manifestação de vontade.
A violenta captação da vontade compromete a validade do ato jurídico.
Quando verificada também na assunção de obrigação cambial, sua invocação pelo obrigado constitui exceção eficiente, valendo lembrar que, no caso, o ônus da prova recai sobre quem a invoca.
A violência, a coação, como se sabe, pode ser física ou moral.
Na violência moral (vis compulsiva) ocorre um mínimo de vontade. A vítima escolhe a alternativa menos agressiva.
Na violência física (vis absoluta) a vítima é posta numa situação irresistível. Pratica o ato por vontade do coator. Por isso é uma exceção oponível “erga omnes”.
No Direito Cambiário há valoração do mínimo volitivo ocorrente na violência compulsiva.
Por isso considera a necessidade de proteção ao terceiro de boa-fé.
Além das exceções de natureza processual, podem ser suscitadas exceções de mérito, em especial as que se situam dentro do âmbito das defesas de natureza pessoal, para as quais a lei estabelece limitações.
O que se contém no art. 906 do Código Civil está em harmonia com o que vem preceituado no art. 17 da Lei Uniforme de Genebra.
Com efeito, diz ou art. 906 do Código Civil:
“O devedor só poderá opor ao portador exceção fundada em direito pessoal ou em nulidade de sua...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Endosso cambial
- Apresentação
- Prefácio
- O Crédito e seus Títulos
- O Endosso Cambial e o nosso Direito Positivo
- Títulos de Crédito Cambiais no Código Civil de 2002
- Títulos de Crédito Atípicos
- As Declarações Cambiais
- O Endosso
- Endosso e Capacidade Civil
- Tipos de Endosso
- Endosso em Branco
- Endosso em Preto
- Endosso Parcial
- Endosso com Cláusula 'Sem Protesto
- Endosso-Mandato (Mandato Cambiário)
- Endosso-Mandato à Ordem
- Endosso-Mandato Não à Ordem
- Endosso-Mandato e Prestação de Contas
- Renúncia e Revogação do Endosso-Mandato
- Endosso por Procuração
- Endosso-Caução (Endosso Pignoratício)
- Endosso Fiduciário
- Endosso Póstumo
- Endosso Póstumo. Exequibilidade
- Endosso Póstumo e Pedido de Falência
- Momento do Endosso
- Conversão do Endosso
- Elementos de Validade do Endosso
- Endosso e "Tradicio"
- Crédito Cambiário e Direito de Regresso
- Protesto Cambial e Direito de Regresso
- Confusão e Oposição de Compensação
- Restrição à Circulação
- Circulação Anômala
- Endosso Proibido
- Endosso e Cessão de Crédito
- Da Cláusula "Não à Ordem"
- A Solidariedade Cambial
- O Ressaque
- Exoneração de Responsabilidade do Endossante
- Cancelamento do Endosso
- Exceções Cambiárias - Algumas Considerações
- O Endosso Cambial e as Atividades de 'Factoring
- Legislação
- Bibliografia
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