Questão da denominação
Autor | Hélio Apoliano Cardoso |
Páginas | 19-20 |
Page 19
Segundo NELSON NERY JR., "a expressão objeção de pré-executividade é a mais adequada, já que o termo ‘exceção’ sugere que se trate de matéria de defesa, e, portanto, não passível de ser conhecida de ofício e sujeita a preclusão".
Para CLÁUDIO ARMANDO COUCE DE MENEZES e LEONARDO DIAS BORGES:
A objeção de execução (ou a execução?) tem dois momentos básicos: o que preexiste à penhora e o posterior a esta. Em regra, as alegações são trazidas ao Juiz assim que inicia a execução até que expire o prazo para pagar ou garantir a execução. Todavia, nada impede trazer a parte suas questões após decorrido o prazo de aforamento dos embargos, em hipótese de pressupostos processuais e condições da ação, pois tais matérias não são precluíveis (art. 267, § 3º, do CPC). Estas são as que podemos dar alcunha de objeções executivas em oposição às primeiras, objeções de pré-executividade. Há quem, entretanto, prefira distinguir pelo fato gerador da objeção. Se este for anterior à execução ou concomitante com o ajuizamento da ação de execução, tem-se a objeção de pré-executividade. Após este marco, configura-se já uma objeção executiva.
O Professor JOSÉ CARLOS BARBOSA MOREIRA questiona severamente a imprecisão terminológica em que têm incorrido a doutrina e a jurisprudência. Sob sua bem fundamentada ótica, não haveria como falar-se em ‘exceção’, porquanto esta tem sido ao longo dos tempos empregada para designar gênero de "defesa", na qual, a rigor, descabe a apreciação ex officio pelo juiz.
Já a expressão ‘pré-executividade’, na visão do festejado autor, seria igualmente incorreta, posto que o substantivo abstrato ‘executividade’ indica a qualidade do que é executivo. Como essa característica é própria do processo e do título (executivos), o prefixo ‘pré’ os atingiria, levando a pensar em processo pré-executivo ou título pré-executivo, em evidente inadequação terminológica.
Concordamos com as considerações de BARBOSA MOREIRA, pois não se trata a objeção de instrumento para questionar o tempo da execução - se antes ou depois -, mostrando-se atécnico falar em ‘pré-executividade’, mas porque, quando o devedor se manifesta, a execução já existe e é contra ela que se dirige o ataque.
A oposição à execução, por vício que impossibilitaria sua existência, poderia ser tratada com expressões mais oportunas e técnicas, como: "objeção de não-executividade"
Page 20
ou "objeção à executividade", que parecem melhor exprimir a negativa da executividade, que deveria...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Exceção de Pré-Executividade
- -
- Sobre o Autor
- Apresentação
- Introdução
- Raízes históricas
- Questão da denominação
- Conceito
- Objetivo
- Fundamentos
- Instrumentos de oposição à execução
- Instrumento de oposição ao cumprimento de sentença. Astreintes. Revisão. Possibilidade
- Do Prazo
- Hipóteses de cabimento
- Matérias arguíveis
- Evolução e ampliação do núcleo das matérias arguíveis
- Casos mais frequentes de sua aplicabilidade
- Substituição dos embargos do devedor pela exceção de pré-executividade
- Prazo para interposição
- Custas processuais no caso de movimentação da máquina judicial de forma indevida
- Honorários advocatícios
- Recurso cabível
- Aceitação do princípio da instrumentalidade das formas
- Recebimento no efeito suspensivo
- Reexame de provas pré-constituídas. Possibilidade de apreciação
- Outras considerações
- Razões derradeiras
- Considerações finais
- Notas
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