Raízes históricas
Autor | Hélio Apoliano Cardoso |
Páginas | 17-18 |
Page 17
Instituto oriundo da doutrina norte-americana, que permite a defesa em processo de execução sem nenhuma exigência, foi criado, no Brasil, pelo gênio de Pontes de Miranda. Recepcionado pela doutrina e abraçado pela jurisprudência.
Geraldo da Silva Batista Jr., citando Leonardo Greco, esclarece que no direito luso-brasileiro a regra era a prévia segurança, através da penhora, para interposição dos embargos, salvo algumas hipóteses encontradas nas Ordenações Filipinas, quais sejam, os de restituição de menor, os de retenção de benfeitorias, sendo líquidas ou juradas, os de compensação, de líquido a líquido já julgado (os que hoje se chamam créditos com execução aparelhada).
Registra também o caso de um Assento da Casa de Suplicação de 1690, que também admitiu embargos nos próprios autos, sem prévia segurança do juízo, em face de nulidades patentes ou de pagamento provado com quitações e documentos legais.
Com relação ao campo legislativo, FRANCISCO WILDO LACERDA DANTAS dá como raiz histórica dessa exceção o Decreto Imperial nº 9.885, de 1888, que, em seus artigos 10 e 31, previa:
Art. 10. Comparecendo o reo para se defender, antes de feita a penhora, não será ouvido sem primeiro segurar o Juizo, salva a hypotese do art. 31.
(...)
Art. 31. Considerar-se-há extincta a execução, sem mais necessidade de quitação nos autos, ou de sentença ou termo de extincção, juntando-se em qualquer tempo no feito: 1.º Documento authentico de haver sido paga a respectiva importancia na Repartição fiscal arrecadadora; 2.º Certidão de annullação da divida, passada pela Repartição fiscal arrecadadora, na forma do art. 12, parágrafo único; 3.º Requerimento do Procurador da Fazenda, pedindo archivamento do processo, em virtude de ordem transmittida pelo Thesouro.
O Decreto 848, de 11.10.1890, que dispunha sobre a organização da Justiça Federal, também apresentava embrião do instituto, conforme nos ensina GERALDO DA SILVA BATISTA JR.:
(...) ele previa, para o processo de execução fiscal, que ‘Comparecendo o réu para se defender antes de feita a penhora, não será ouvido sem primeiro segurar o juízo, salvo se exibir documento autêntico de pagamento da dívida, ou anulação desta (...)’. Ainda no art. 201 admitia que: ‘A matéria da defesa, estabelecida a identidade do réu, consistirá na prova de quitação...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Exceção de Pré-Executividade
- -
- Sobre o Autor
- Apresentação
- Introdução
- Raízes históricas
- Questão da denominação
- Conceito
- Objetivo
- Fundamentos
- Instrumentos de oposição à execução
- Instrumento de oposição ao cumprimento de sentença. Astreintes. Revisão. Possibilidade
- Do Prazo
- Hipóteses de cabimento
- Matérias arguíveis
- Evolução e ampliação do núcleo das matérias arguíveis
- Casos mais frequentes de sua aplicabilidade
- Substituição dos embargos do devedor pela exceção de pré-executividade
- Prazo para interposição
- Custas processuais no caso de movimentação da máquina judicial de forma indevida
- Honorários advocatícios
- Recurso cabível
- Aceitação do princípio da instrumentalidade das formas
- Recebimento no efeito suspensivo
- Reexame de provas pré-constituídas. Possibilidade de apreciação
- Outras considerações
- Razões derradeiras
- Considerações finais
- Notas
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