Direito Penal Complementar
Autor | Wladimir Novaes Martinez |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado especialista em Direito Previdenciário |
Páginas | 1519-1522 |
Page 1519
Embora sem autonomia científica, pode-se aludir a um Direito Previdenciário Penal, área da legislação e do comportamento securitário intimamente relacionada ao Direito Penal e à criminalística. Por isso, certas condutas contrárias à ordem jurídica podem ser designadas por crimes previdenciários. Claro, também práticas tidas como ilícitos administrativos, justificadoras de sanções de menor vulto, do tipo multas e restrições de direito.
No segmento complementar, onde acentuada a preocupação do legislador e do administrador com a segurança, tranquilidade e a credibilidade do sistema (não necessariamente com a figura da sonegação fiscal, prevista no art. 95 do PCSS até a Lei n. 9.983/2000), subsistem eventos típicos e ações deflagradoras de sanções penais, pecuniárias e administrativas.
A Lei n. 6.435/1977 estipulava sobre a repressão da ilicitude (arts. 75/79). Principalmente no art. 77, onde define o crime contra a economia popular: "ação ou omissão dolosa, pessoal ou coletiva, de que decorra a insuficiência das reservas ou de sua cobertura, vinculadas à garantia das obrigações das entidades de previdência privada".
Fundamentalmente, é descrição genérica, nada prática, de difícil adequação à ação humana punível. Os procedimentos capazes de atingir o resultado descrito por negligência, imprudência e imperícia do agente ou por dolo ou má-fé são muitos, difusos e até indeterminados. Alguns deles, fazendo parte do dia a dia do fundo de pensão, como arriscar-se nas Bolsas de Valores.
O Direito Previdenciário Penal e o Direito Complementar Penal, ambos derivados do Direito Penal, e submetidos às suas linhas gerais, não estão sistematizados, gerando perplexidades na aplicação e na interpretação das normas dispositivas.
Diante de ato presuntivamente contrário à ordem jurídica, é preciso compulsar as lições de Direito Penal e verificar se foi consumado crime ou contravenção; posteriormente, examinar-se as disposições da Lei n. 8.212/1991, para saber se teriam sido cometidos delitos administrativos ou mesmo crimes previdenciários e, finalmente, se sobrevieram ações lesivas no âmbito da previdência supletiva, coincidentes com os tipos constantes do Decreto-lei n. 2.848/1940 e da Lei n. 8.212/1991. Principalmente, levar em conta o sujeito passivo da ação, em cada caso.
Além de outros ilícitos, os crimes, ditos "previdenciários", estavam cominados no art. 95 do PCSS. Passaram a fazer parte da Lei n. 9.983/2000 ("Os Crimes
Page 1520
Previdenciários no Código Penal"). Alguns deles, universais por natureza (ou seja, também presentes no Código Penal), são comuns às duas legislações, mas outros, particularmente securitários, têm como sujeito passivo o INSS ou, na linguagem do PCSS, a seguridade social (especialmente, os das letras d, e e h, do art. 95), restando dúvidas se os demais podem ser praticados contra EPC.
Sem contestação, por sua generalidade, o estelionato previdenciário (letra j) pode ter como sujeito passivo essas entidades e quaisquer outras pessoas.
A apropriação...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Curso de Direito Previdenciário
- Previdência Complementar
- Apresentação
- Breve História
- Questões Terminológicas
- Conceito Sucinto
- Características Nucleares
- Natureza Jurídica
- Questões Jurídicas
- Enquadramento Científico
- Objetivo e Papel dos Fundos de Pensão
- Princípios Aplicáveis
- Aplicação e Interpretação
- Presunções Válidas
- Tendências Hodiernas
- Justiça Competente
- Fontes Formais
- Sistema Nacional Supletivo
- Relação Jurídica de Previdência Complementar
- Sujeitos da Relação Jurídica
- Relação Jurídica de Inscrição
- Órgãos Supervisores
- Dinâmica das Entidades Fechadas
- Retirada De Patrocinadora
- Atos Constitutivos das EFPC
- Composição das Entidades Fechadas
- Administração dos Benefícios
- Fontes de Custeio
- Prestações Previdenciárias
- Benefícios em Espécie
- Serviços Assistenciários
- Regimes Financeiros
- Tipos de Plano
- Cálculo Atuarial
- Matemática Financeira
- Aplicações Econômicas e Financeiras
- Práticas Contábeis
- Direito Procedimental
- Penalidades Administrativas
- Direito Penal Complementar
- Embaraços Conjunturais
- Previdência Pública Complementar
- Equilíbrio Financeiro e Atuarial
- Destino do Superávit
- Serviço Passado
- Montepios Previdenciários
- Filosofia da Complementaridade
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