O contrato
Autor | Sidney Bittencourt |
Páginas | 23-27 |
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Derivada do latim contractus, a expressão “contrato” possui sentido de ajuste, pacto ou transação, exteriorizando a convenção acordada entre pessoas objetivando um fim especifico, configurando um acordo que intenciona adquirir, resguardar, modificar ou extinguir direitos.
O contrato confunde-se com as origens do próprio Direito, notadamente quando se alargaram os ajuntamentos civilizados e a circulação de riquezas. Sem dúvida, o progresso econômico mundial alicerçou-se paulatinamente sobre as bases do direito contratual.
Por essência, o contrato é um ato jurídico bilateral, pois depende de declarações de vontades, tendo como efeito principal a criação de obrigações assumidas pelas partes contratantes (os sujeitos dos contratos). Nesse passo, costuma-se dizer que constitui “lei entre as partes”.
Ao longo do tempo, o contrato diversificou-se em formas e modalidades. Destarte, assentado sobre disposições próprias de cada categoria de ajuste, sempre deverá ser examinado sob uma ótica particular, independentemente da adoção das regras gerais que o envolvem.
A validade de um contrato depende dos mesmos requisitos exigidos para a eficácia dos atos jurídicos em geral, que, em suma, são:
• Capacidade dos contratantes: as partes devem ter aptidão, segundo as disposições legais, para o exercício dos atos da vida civil. As pessoas jurídicas, por sua vez, somente poderão contratar por intermédio de seus dirigentes ou representantes legalmente constituídos;
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• Objeto possível: o bem jurídico sobre o qual recai a vontade dos contratantes deverá ser possível, lícito e não vedado em lei, nem contrário ao direito de terceiro;
• Forma prescrita: o contrato, via de regra, é elaborado e firmado com liberdade, sendo classificado como não solene, quando a lei não o proíba. Contudo, registre-se a existência dos contratos obrigatoriamente solenes, que deverão obedecer à forma estabelecida por lei, como é o caso da fiança, do casamento e, como se verificará posteriormente, do contrato administrativo.
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Contratos da Administração Pública
- Sobre o Autor
- Prefácio
- O contrato
- Os contratos na Administração Pública
- Disciplina Normativa
- Regime jurídico do contrato administrativo
- Cláusulas obrigatórias do contrato administrativo
- Prerrogativas da Administração Pública nos contratos administrativos
- Penalidades concernentes aos contratos administrativos
- Garantias oferecidas pelos contratados
- Contratação direta
- Formalização dos contratos
- Prazos contratuais
- Duração dos contratos administrativos
- Alterações dos contratos administrativos
- Execução dos contratos administrativos (art. 66 da Lei nº 8.666/93)
- Extinção do contrato administrativo
- Inexecução do contrato administrativo
- Rescisão do contrato administrativo
- Anulação do contrato administrativo
- Espécies de contratos administrativos
- Contrato de alienação de bens da Administração
- Recursos administrativos nos contratos administrativos
- Direitos do contratado
- Crimes e penas inerentes aos contratos administrativos
- Contratos internacionais celebrados pela Administração Pública
- Contratos especiais celebrados pela Administração Pública
- Convênio administrativo
- Consórcio público
- Modelos
- Informativo da Legislação
- Referências
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