Inexecução do contrato administrativo
Autor | Sidney Bittencourt |
Páginas | 131-137 |
Page 131
De regra, os contratos devem ser cumpridos na sua integralidade. Entretanto, em função das mais variadas circunstâncias, a inexecução contratual (inadimplência) poderá advir. Inexecutar o contrato é não realizar o compromisso assumido.
Diversos aspectos podem levar o contratado à inexecução parcial ou total do contrato, ensejando inúmeras consequências, que vão das penalizações à rescisão contratual. Não à toa que o art. 66 da Lei n° 8.666/93 previu que o contrato administrativo deve ser executado fielmente pelas partes, de acordo com as cláusulas avençadas e as normas legais, respondendo cada uma pelas consequências de sua inexecução total ou parcial.
Nesse passo, o art. 77 do mesmo diploma preconiza que a inexecução total ou parcial do contrato ensejará a sua rescisão, com as consequências contratuais e as previstas em lei ou regulamento.
A inexecução contratual nem sempre resulta de ato ou fato culposo do contratado. Desse modo, a inexecução divide-se em culposa e sem culpa:
• Inadimplência culposa - resultante de omissão no atendimento ao contrato (seja por negligência, imperícia etc.), que demandará sancionamento proporcional à inadimplência, variando de
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multas à rescisão contratual, podendo atingir desde a suspensão temporária até a declaração de inidoneidade para licitar e contratar com a Administração Pública; e
• Inadimplência sem culpa - resultante de situações retardadoras ou impeditivas do cumprimento da obrigação contratual que independem da vontade do contratado. Essas situações justificam a inadimplência, não havendo responsabilização do contratado, aplicando-se a chamada “Teoria de Imprevisão”.
A “Teoria da Imprevisão” consiste no reconhecimento de que fatos imprevisíveis (ou previsíveis, mas de consequências incalculáveis), devidamente comprovados, justificam o retardamento da execução do contrato ou são impeditivos dessa execução.71
Na aplicação dessa teoria, a Administração contratante está autorizada a rever o contrato, quando necessário, objetivando o seu reequilíbrio (sobre o reequilíbrio contratual, vide 12.2.4).
Tal procedimento, surgido no âmbito do Direito Privado e só reconhecido inicialmente na esfera do Direito Público pela doutrina jurídica – e sempre confirmado pelos Tribunais – foi acolhido no Âmbito das contratações administrativas no art. 65, II, “d”, da Lei nº 8.666/93:72Art. 65 - Os contratos regidos por esta Lei poderão ser alterados, com as devidas justificativas, nos seguintes casos: (...) II - por acordo das partes: (...) d) para restabelecer a relação que as partes pactuaram inicialmente entre os encargos do contratado e a retribuição da Administração para a justa remuneração da obra, serviço ou fornecimento, objetivando a manutenção do equilíbrio econômico-financeiro inicial do contrato, na hipótese de sobrevirem fatos imprevisíveis, ou previsíveis, porém de consequências incalculáveis, retardadores ou impeditivos da execução do ajustado, ou ainda, em caso de força maior, caso fortuito ou fato do príncipe, configurando álea...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Contratos da Administração Pública
- Sobre o Autor
- Prefácio
- O contrato
- Os contratos na Administração Pública
- Disciplina Normativa
- Regime jurídico do contrato administrativo
- Cláusulas obrigatórias do contrato administrativo
- Prerrogativas da Administração Pública nos contratos administrativos
- Penalidades concernentes aos contratos administrativos
- Garantias oferecidas pelos contratados
- Contratação direta
- Formalização dos contratos
- Prazos contratuais
- Duração dos contratos administrativos
- Alterações dos contratos administrativos
- Execução dos contratos administrativos (art. 66 da Lei nº 8.666/93)
- Extinção do contrato administrativo
- Inexecução do contrato administrativo
- Rescisão do contrato administrativo
- Anulação do contrato administrativo
- Espécies de contratos administrativos
- Contrato de alienação de bens da Administração
- Recursos administrativos nos contratos administrativos
- Direitos do contratado
- Crimes e penas inerentes aos contratos administrativos
- Contratos internacionais celebrados pela Administração Pública
- Contratos especiais celebrados pela Administração Pública
- Convênio administrativo
- Consórcio público
- Modelos
- Informativo da Legislação
- Referências
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