Servidão de direito privado e público
Autor | Luiz Fernando de Mello/Carlos Henrique Neves de Mello/Cícero Ferreira da Silva |
Páginas | 19-21 |
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As servidões podem ocorrer entre detentores de direito privado e de direito público.
A autora Di Pietro mencionada acima retrata esse tema na reprodução ipsis litteris:
A partir desse conceito, é possível fixar o regime jurídico da servidão de direito privado, de um lado, e o da servidão administrativa, de outro.
No Código Civil (seja no de 1916, seja no de 2002), só tem o caráter de servidão o direito real instituído sobre um prédio em benefício de outro prédio, excluídas, assim, as servidões pessoais – o uso, o usufruto, e a habitação – que são tratados como institutos à parte, com características próprias.
Com base no artigo 1.378 do novo Código Civil, pode-se definir a servidão como direito real sobre um prédio, instituído em favor de outro prédio, pertencente a dono diverso.
São princípios que regem a servidão de direito privado e aplicáveis também à servidão administrativa: o da perpetui-dade (art. 695 do Código Civil de 1916 ou 1.378 do novo Código); o de que a servidão não se presume (art. 696 do Código de 1916, não repetido no novo Código); o da indivisibilidade (art. 707 do Código Civil de 1916 e 1.386 do novo Código); o do uso moderado (arts. 704, 705 e 706 do Código de 1916 e art. 1.385 do novo Código).
Nas servidões administrativas ou de direito público, existem todos os elementos que caracterizam a servidão: a res
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serviens (prédio de propriedade alheia), prestando utilidade à res dominans (bem afetado a fim de utilidade pública ou a determinado serviço público).
A principal diferença está do lado passivo da relação, a saber, na definição da res dominans que, no dizer de Ruy Cirne Lima (in RDP 5:24), é o “serviço público, ou seja, a organização de pessoas e bens, constituída para executá-los”; ou, como dissemos em nossa tese (Servidão Administrativa, 1978:50), é “determinado bem, enquanto afetado à realização de um serviço público”. Por exemplo, na servidão de energia elétrica, res serviens é o prédio particular por onde passam as linhas de distribuição e res dominans é o próprio serviço público de energia elétrica; na servidão ao redor dos aeroportos, res serviens são os prédios vizinhos e res dominans, o próprio prédio onde funciona o serviço de navegação aérea.
Cretella Júnior (1966 v. 5:185-186) aponta mais as seguintes diferenças:
1. as servidões civis não impõem ao proprietário...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Servidão de passagem
- Luiz Fernando de Mello
- Carlos Henrique Neves de Mello
- Cícero Ferreira da Silva Filho
- Colaboradores
- Introdução
- Da servidão administrativa
- Servidão de direito privado e público
- Distinção entre servidão administrativa e limitação administrativa
- Conceito de servidão administrativa
- Forma e modos de constituição da servidão administrativa
- Extinção da servidão administrativa
- Direito à indenização da servidão
- Modalidades e espécies de servidão
- Demais considerações sobre servidão
- Dos riscos; restrições e incômodos
- Das classificações das servidões
- Dos princípios fundamentais
- Das características da servidão
- Do conteúdo
- Do amparo legal
- Da fixação do percentual da servidão
- Do método da renda para avaliações de faixas de servidões
- Da servidão como desapropriação
- Do justo valor
- Considerações sobre a avaliação
- Modelo de laudo de servidão administrativa superficial com benfeitorias em área rural próximo a urbe
- Modelo de laudo de servidão administrativa com passagem subterrânea em área rural próximo a urbe
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