Previdência Pública Complementar
Autor | Wladimir Novaes Martinez |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado especialista em Direito Previdenciário |
Páginas | 1123-1125 |
Page 1123
Um dos aspectos mais importantes da previdência social básica é o seu alcance vertical. Até 1960, era praticamente de dois salários mínimos e a partir daí cresceu, ascendeu e regrediu, chegando em 2017 a R$ 5.531,31 (cerca de 5,89 salários mínimos).
Esse patamar abriga aproximadamente entre 90% e 92% da população obreira. Segundo informações do IBGE, apenas 800.000 trabalhadores auferem salários ou rendimentos superiores a R$ 2.000,00.
Boa parte de quem ganha acima do limite do salário de contribuição (R$ 5.531,31) é o servidor civil e militar, mas até as EC ns. 20/1998 e 41/2003, para ambos não havia limite para a base de cálculo da contribuição e do benefício.
Inicialmente (LOPS), pensando na complementação, incipiente à época e mais recentemente (Lei Maior de 1988), com vistas aos servidores públicos, dispôs-se na Carta Magna sobre a previdência supletiva pública; em si um contrassenso. Deveria ter caráter público, mas ser entregue, por delegação à iniciativa privada, caso contrário ficaria sem sentido, bastando pura e simplesmente aumentar o limite do RGPS.
A instituição da previdência complementar, aberta e fechada, particularmente esta última, é questão de grande indagação e, possivelmente, resolvidos os seus dilemas, ter-se-á em parte, a solução da previdência social brasileira.
2551. Regras consultáveis - Inicialmente, fixando as linhas gerais da previdência social e reportando? se à universalidade da cobertura vertical, dizia a Lei Maior de 1988: "A Previdência Social manterá seguro coletivo, de caráter complementar e facultativo, custeado por contribuições adicionais" (art. 201, § 7º).
Regulamentando esse dispositivo reproduzido e superado, dizia o art. 153 do Plano de Benefícios: "O Regime Facultativo Complementar de Previdência Social será objeto de lei especial, a ser submetida à apreciação do Congresso Nacional dentro do prazo de 180 (cento e oitenta) dias".
A EC n. 20/1998 alterou o art. 40 da Carta Magna, acrescendo-lhe um § 14, fixando regra segundo a qual caso o ente político crie um regime de previdência complementar, ele poderia estabelecer um limite para as aposentadorias e pensões, que seria o do RGPS (R$ 5.531,31). Dizia também que lei complementar fixaria os parâmetros gerais desse regime (§ 15), não confundível com a LC n. 108/2001, que trata da previdência supletiva dos empregados das estatais. Por último, preceituava que admissão seria facultativa (§ 16).
Pela primeira vez compareciam disposições, verdadeiros princípios, aplicáveis à previdência complementar (art. 202). Seu § 4º permitiu a edição da LC n. 108/2001. Por último, incluiu um art. 249 sobre um fundo de...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Curso de Direito Previdenciário
- Previdência Complementar
- Apresentação
- Breve História
- Questões Terminológicas
- Conceito Sucinto
- Características Nucleares
- Natureza Jurídica
- Questões Jurídicas
- Enquadramento Científico
- Objetivo e Papel dos Fundos de Pensão
- Princípios Aplicáveis
- Aplicação e Interpretação
- Presunções Válidas
- Tendências Hodiernas
- Justiça Competente
- Fontes Formais
- Sistema Nacional Supletivo
- Relação Jurídica Complementar
- Sujeitos da Relação Jurídica
- Relação Jurídica de Inscrição
- Órgãos Supervisores
- Dinâmica das Entidades Fechadas
- Retirada de Patrocinadora
- Atos Constitutivos das EFPC
- Composição das Entidades Fechadas
- Administração dos Benefícios
- Fontes de Custeio
- Prestações Previdenciárias
- Benefícios em Espécie
- Serviços Assistenciários
- Regimes Financeiros
- Tipos de Plano
- Penhora dos Benefícios
- Cálculo Atuarial
- Matemática Financeira
- Aplicações Econômicas e Financeiras
- Práticas Contábeis
- Direito Procedimental
- Penalidades Administrativas
- Direito Penal Complementar
- Embaraços Conjunturais
- Previdência Pública Complementar
- Equilíbrio Financeiro e Atuarial
- Destino do Superávit
- Serviço Passado
- Montepios Previdenciários
- Filosofia da Complementaridade
- Entidade Associativa
- Retirada de Instituidor
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