Desistência da ação
Autor | Manoel Antonio Teixeira Filho |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado - Juiz aposentado do TRT da 9.ª Região - Fundador da Escola da Associação dos Magistrados do Trabalho do Paraná |
Páginas | 138-139 |
Page 138
Art. 841. ......................................................................................................................
(...)
§ 3º Oferecida a contestação, ainda que eletronicamente, o reclamante não poderá, sem o consentimento do reclamado, desistir da ação. (NR)
· Justificativa do Projeto de Lei n. 6.787/2016:
"No art. 841, acrescentamos um parágrafo condicionando a desistência do reclamante à anuência do reclamado. Muitas vezes são ajuizadas reclamações sem fundamento fático, em que as partes reclamam direitos que sabem não serem devidos, diante da possibilidade de desistirem até mesmo no momento da audiência, tão logo tomam conhecimento da defesa da outra parte. Com isso, movimentam a máquina judiciária, mas não arcam com o ônus decorrente de sua iniciativa. Portanto, se não houver concordância do reclamado, a ação seguirá seu rumo e o reclamante, caso não obtenha sucesso, terá que arcar com as custas processuais.
É uma medida que, esperamos, contribuirá para a redução de ações ajuizadas sem fundamento".
· Comentário
A norma prevê o oferecimento da contestação como momento-limite para que o autor possa desistir da ação, sem a concordância do réu. Cuida-se de reprodução, quase literal, do art. 485, § 4º, do CPC. Da maneira como a norma se encontra redigida, deve-se concluir, em sentido inverso, que se o réu não oferecer contestação (tornando-se, portanto, revel), o autor poderá desistir da ação, sem a anuência do adversário. Qual será, porém, o momento-limite para isso? Fornece-nos a resposta, em caráter supletivo, o art. 485, § 5º, do CPC: até antes da sentença.
Diversa seria a situação se a norma legal sub examen dissesse que, decorrido o prazo para a apresentação da contestação (sendo esta oferecida, ou não), o autor não poderia desistir da ação sem a concordância do réu.
Oferecida a contestação, a desistência só será possível se com ela concordar o réu; pode-se dizer, por isso, que o oferecimento da contestação confere a este o direito de obter um pronunciamento jurisdicional sobre o mérito, ainda que possa ser desfavorável aos seus interesses manifestados na causa. Requerida a desistência, o juiz deverá intimar o réu para pronunciar-se a respeito, no prazo que lhe assinar. Se este não se manifestar no prazo fixado, nem justificar porque não o fez, presume-se que concordou com a desistência da ação. Se, ao contrário, o réu, no prazo assinado, externar sua discordância com a desistência, o juiz não deverá, desde...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- O processo do trabalho e a reforma trabalhista
- Preâmbulo
- Introdução
- A Lei n. 13.467/2017
- Grupo econômico. Responsabilidade solidária
- Dano extrapatrimonial
- Responsabilidade do sócio retirante
- Prescrição
- Prescrição intercorrente
- Sucessão de empregadores. Responsabilidade solidária
- Arbitragem
- Litisconsórcio
- Competência
- Prazos
- Custas
- Gratuidade da justiça
- Honorários periciais
- Honorários advocatícios
- Honorários advocatícios na reconvenção
- Litigância de má-fé
- Multa à testemunha
- Exceção de incompetência territorial
- Ônus da prova
- Petição inicial e pedido
- Desistência da ação
- O preposto
- Audiência e revelia
- Revelia
- Defesa no processo eletrônico
- Incidente de desconsideração da personalidade jurídica
- Do processo de jurisdição voluntária para homologação de acordo extrajudicial
- Execução das contribuições sociais
- Execução ex officio
- Liquidação
- Execução. Garantia do juízo
- Execução. Protesto da decisão
- Penhora
- Recurso de revista
- Recurso de revista. Transcendência
- Depósito recursal
- Dispositivos processuais revogados
- Vigência
- Direito intertemporal e recurso
- Bibliografia
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