Direito intertemporal e recurso
Autor | Manoel Antonio Teixeira Filho |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado - Juiz aposentado do TRT da 9.ª Região - Fundador da Escola da Associação dos Magistrados do Trabalho do Paraná |
Páginas | 241-241 |
Page 241
Poderá acontecer de, no curso do processo, advir lei que torne irrecorríveis sentenças antes recorríveis, ou vice-versa; que institua novos pressupostos para a admissibilidade dos recursos, ou suprima os existentes; que discipline, enfim, de maneira diversa da vigente o sistema recursal.
Verificada a hipótese, qual das leis regerá a matéria relativa aos recursos pendentes: a antiga ou a nova?
Diante desse problema de direito intertemporal, três soluções poderiam ser, juridicamente, propostas:
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a que se fundamenta na unidade do processo e segundo a qual embora o procedimento seja composto de fases distintas deve prevalecer a unidade processual, de sorte que o recurso deveria ser regido pela lei velha, pois a incidência da nova importaria em ruptura dessa unidade, quanto mais não seja porque não se poderia fazer com que a lei posterior retroagisse para alcançar os atos já praticados;
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a que se calca na autonomia das fases do procedimento. Este sistema parte da premissa da especificidade e autonomia de cada fase procedimental (postulatória, instrutória, decisória, recursal, executória); deste modo, a lei atingiria a fase do procedimento que estivesse em curso, respeitando as que se encontrassem encerradas. Isto significa que cada fase poderia ser disciplinada por normas diversas, sem prejuízo da harmonia entre elas e justamente por força da autonomia de cada uma;
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a que se lastreia no isolamento dos atos processuais, isto é, que entende ser a lei nova inaplicável aos atos processuais já realizados, bem como aos efeitos destes, conquanto venha a incidir nos atos futuros. Esta solução difere da anterior porque não circunscreve a eficácia da lei às denominadas fases do procedimento.
A doutrina propendeu, com acerto, para o último sistema de solução indicado.
Realmente, em matéria de direito intertemporal o postulado básico, nuclear, é de que o recurso será regido pela lei que estiver em vigor na data do proferimento da decisão, respeitados os atos anteriores e os efeitos que tenham produzido.
O próprio CPC estabelece, em seu art. 1.046, caput, que, "Ao entrar em vigor este Código, suas disposições se aplicarão desde logo aos processos pendentes, ficando revogada a Lei n. 5.869, de 11 de janeiro de 1973"; e o art. 915 da CLT que "Não serão prejudicados os recursos interpostos com apoio em dispositivos alterados ou cujo prazo para interposição esteja em curso à data da vigência desta Consolidação".
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- O processo do trabalho e a reforma trabalhista
- Preâmbulo
- Introdução
- A Lei n. 13.467/2017
- Grupo econômico. Responsabilidade solidária
- Dano extrapatrimonial
- Responsabilidade do sócio retirante
- Prescrição
- Prescrição intercorrente
- Sucessão de empregadores. Responsabilidade solidária
- Arbitragem
- Litisconsórcio
- Competência
- Prazos
- Custas
- Gratuidade da justiça
- Honorários periciais
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- Litigância de má-fé
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- Ônus da prova
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- Incidente de desconsideração da personalidade jurídica
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- Penhora
- Recurso de revista
- Recurso de revista. Transcendência
- Depósito recursal
- Dispositivos processuais revogados
- Vigência
- Direito intertemporal e recurso
- Bibliografia
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