mandatory
-
Paradise regained': can sustainable development be achieved when the protection of foreign direct investment is at stake? Examining the case study of Vattenfall v Germany I
A conciliação entre desenvolvimento e proteção do meio ambiente é uma das questões mais prementes do nosso tempo, devendo fundar-se em um modelo de integração total. Na realidade, no entanto, "artifícios" diplomáticos e políticos deixaram o conceito de DS aberto a interpretação de modo a não vincular decisões regulatórias. Há argumentos de que o DS já é inerente à política da maior parte dos...
... investor’s duties towards the environment of the host country, it has been argued in relation to the 1994 EECT, that it contains non-mandatory language in terms of environmental protection. As a result, the foreign investor bears the duty of environmental care and is liable for environmental ... -
Sistemática de precedentes obrigatórios no código de processo civil de 2015 e desenvolvimento sustentável sob a perspectiva da teoria neoinstitucional
O estudo que ora se apresenta tem o escopo de a partir do da utilização do método hipotético-dedutivo, analisar a sistemática de precedentes obrigatórios, segundo o Código de Processo Civil de 2015, e as suas eventuais possibilidades de contribuir para a sedimentação de um cenário institucionalmente mais claro e estável, que possa viabilizar o incremento nos níveis de capacidade para o...
... SYSTEMATICS OF MANDATORY PRECEDENTS IN THE BRAZILIAN CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE OF 2015 AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT UNDER . THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE NEOINSTITUTIONAL THEORY . ... -
Digital Currency as a Subject of Economic Criminal Offenses
[Purpose] The article is devoted to an essential and relevant topic. The cryptocurrency market in Ukraine, as well as in the world, has been developing quite rapidly in recent years. At the same time, the legal status of digital currency in Ukraine has not been consolidated. As a result, digital currency is often used to commit economic crimes. To counteract this act, it is vital to "legalize"...
...212 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine "Evasion of taxes, fees (mandatory payments)". . Following paragraph 1 of Art. 209 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, legalization (laundering) of property obtained by criminal means ... -
O federalismo e seus princípios
... Revista d’Estudis Autonòmics i Federals . 11, p. 143: “(…) the institutional structure of federalism, despite its mandatory and constitutionally-guaranteed levels of decentralization, may at times have no distinctive effects on subnational public finances and ...
-
Tendencias empresariales modernas y sus efectos en el sistema contractual
En este artículo hablaremos de las tendencias empresariales modernas, cómo transforman el mercado y las relaciones empresariales entre proveedor y consumidor o usuario. Para luego analizar su impacto en el sistema contractual tradicional, evaluando la aparición del derecho al arrepentimiento, a la reflexión y la afectación a la libre voluntad contractual, así como pérdida del clásico...
... of the right to repentance, relection and aႇectation to the free contractual will, as well as the loss of classic consensualism and the mandatory force of the contract. KEYWORDS: Modern business trends, globalization, advertising, sales, technology, regret, relection, free will, good faith. ... -
Business climate in the russian federation considering the relations between entreneurs and tax authorities
taxation builds financial relations between the state and legal entities or individuals. Acting as part of the economic policy of the state, an adequate tax system ensures the effectiveness of the main components of the economy, the development of entrepreneurial initiatives and meeting the basic needs of the country. The article examines the impact of the tax system on business climate,...
...Respondents noted a high share of mandatory payments, taxes and non-tax fees. They have a negative or critical attitude to the size of the cadastral value and anticipate the further growth of ... -
A actio popularis e (n)o Direito (Penal) Internacional / Actio popularis and Internacional Criminal Law
Este trabalho objetivou enfrentar o problema relacionado à vigência, validade e eficácia do instituto da actio popularis no Direito (Penal) Internacional, tendo como ponto de intersecção, de um lado, as decisões proferidas pela Corte Internacional de Justiça nos casos Etiópia e Libéria v. África do Sul nos anos de 1962 e 1966, bem como as críticas efetuadas à virada radical que a Corte promoveu...
... supervision was that it could be brought into operation by any Member of the League which considered that there existed between it and the mandatory administration "a disagreement on a point of law or fact, a confict of legal views" on the way in which the Mandatory was exercising its Mandate. ... -
O CPC/15 e os precedentes obrigatórios de seu art. 927 nos processos administrativos federais
Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva e bibliográfica acerca da legislação sobre os precedentes obrigatórios do art. 927 do CPC/15, da vinculação a tais precedentes por parte da autoridade incumbida do processamento e/ou julgamento de demandas na esfera administrativa e das suas aplicações na sistemática própria destes processos. Objetivou-se, pois, analisar cada hipótese elencada neste artigo, compará-
... O CPC/15 E OS PRECEDENTES OBRIGATÓRIOS DE SEU ART. 927 NOS . PROCESSOS ADMINISTRATIVOS FEDERAIS 1 . CPC/15 AND THE MANDATORY PRECEDENTS OF ITS ARTICLE 927 IN FEDERAL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS . Alexandre Montagna Rossini 2 . Elias Marques de Medeiros Neto 3 . ... -
The Self-Regulating Jury in the Field of Interactive Advertising
[Purpose] Electronic advertising and commercial communications may sometimes violate existing regulations, resulting in unlawful advertising. To address this issue, Spain created an Advertising Jury to resolve disputes in this area. [Methodology/Approach/Design] The Spanish and European regulations will be analyzed in terms of regulation and self-regulation mechanisms. Self-regulation instruments
... that any decision rendered by the decision-making body cannot have the effect of depriving the consumer of protections guaranteed by the mandatory provisions of the laws of the country in which the body is established. Furthermore, in cases of cross-border disputes, the decision may not deprive ... -
The zara case in brazil: juridical effectiveness of soft law measures concerning decent work in global supply chains
The new economical context and the so called “Industry 4.0”, besides changing social and production logics, brings with it an acceleration of globalization. New technologies help to overcome our cultural, linguistic and geographical barriers, making it easier for industries to find new markets with the aim of maximizing their profits; driven by the need to low production costs, production...
...Introduction – 2. International law, soft law and transnational enterprises responsibilities – 3. The Zara case in Brazil: combining mandatory and soft law measures to promote decent work conditions in the supply chain; 3.1. The Case; 3.2. The grounds of the decision: soft law and mandatory ... -
One Decade of Evolution of Corporate Governance Practices in Brazil
This study presents the evolution of certain corporate governance practices of listed Brazilian companies from 2004 to 2013 gathered in an index (CGI). Results indicate that the overall quality of these practices improved, notably after the creation of voluntary membership exchange trading lists that require better corporate governance and disclosure practices. The average CGI score of 5.8 (out...
... . 17. Does the company grant mandatory bid rights besides what is legally required? . The score is: 0 if no rights besides the legal rights are granted; 0.5 the company extend extra ... -
Os efeitos colaterais da crescente tendência à judicialização da mediação
Há algum tempo, Europa, Brasil e Estados Unidos vem sofrendo com a ineficiência sistêmica de seus Tribunais, impactando significativamente a garantia do acesso à justiça de seus cidadãos, tornando a resolução alternativa de conflitos uma presença constante tanto em sistemas de jurisdição civil law quanto common law. Como resultado, a institucionalização das ADRs, vem se traduzindo numa rotineira...
... . 25 Id . Is Europe Headed Down the Primrose Path with Mandatory Mediation? North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation. vol. 37, 2012, p. 1-31. . 26 Cf. CHASE, Oscar G., American ... -
The Effects of Voting Ownership Concentration on Social and Environmental Disclosure: Empirical Evidence from Brazil.
...11,638/2007, the changes did not go so far as to make social and environmental disclosure mandatory, which means this activity is voluntary on the part of firms. . Some theories, as is the case of the Stakeholder theory, try to explain social and ...
-
Evidenciação de informações na gestão pública: mais que uma previsão legal, um instrumento de legitimidade
O objetivo deste estudo é mensurar o nível de disclosure obrigatório dos maiores municípios do Brasil, nas respectivas páginas eletrônicas disponíveis na Internet, e identificar quais os aspectos que explicam este nível de evidenciação. Nesse sentido, a Teoria da Legitimidade pressupõe que o processo de legitimação da gestão pública está atrelado ao cumprimento do contrato social, o que está ameaç
... Keywords . Disclosure; Transparency; Public management; Theory of Legitimacy. . The aim of this study is measure to the level of mandatory disclosure of the largest municipalities in Brazil, on the respective web pages available on the Internet, and to identify the essential requirements ... -
A análise do requisito de admissibilidade da repercussão geral nos recursos extraordinários pelo stf, dever de fundamentação e sua relação com o writ of certiorari norte-americano
Tomando como referência funcional no Direito Comparado o writ of certiorari do ordenamento jurídico norte-americano, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar se há indícios de que tenha ocorrido violação do dever de fundamentação das decisões proferidas em plenário virtual que julgam a existência de repercussão geral nos recursos extraordinários e quais as suas implicações no Direito...
...2015. . . À época, no entanto, não havia discricionariedade quanto à escolha dos casos que seriam julgados: vigia a mandatory jurisdiction . Uma vez preenchidos os requisitos de admissibilidade, a Suprema Corte teria que julgar todos os casos que a ela fossem submetidos. ... -
Zara store employee accused of racism in police investigation
... the Covid-19 pandemic are based on putting in place health protection protocols, since the government decree in force establishes the mandatory use of masks in public environments. Any other interpretation not only departs from reality, but also does not reflect the company’s policy."The ...
-
Latin american constitucionalism: comparative law study on popular participation for urban land planning
The article studies Constitutional Law, wielding the comparative law analysis of some of the current Latin American Constitutions, concerning the verification of normative forecast of popular participation as an instrument of democratic management in urban land planning. Based on the Latin American Constitutionalism situation as an evolutionary constitutional movement resulted from the...
...43). . It is relevant that popular participation is a mandatory condition for budget proposals approval on Brazilian city level, as provided in article 44, for the pluriannual plan, the budget guidelines law and ... -
A vulnerabilidade é um conceito que deve ser levado em conta para a reconfiguração da legítima?
...There is an irrefutable presumption that the heir has an absolute right. With mandatory asset claims, the burden of proof shifts. The comfortable starting position now lies with the testador and his legatees. Those who want to oppose ...
-
Adoção mandatória das IFRS influencia na previsão de crescimento e rentabilidade? Uma análise em países emergentes
Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar o impacto da adoção mandatória das IFRS nas previsões de crescimento e rentabilidade das empresas de países emergentes. É investigado se a adoção de IFRS por 324 empresas de capital aberto em países emergentes (África do Sul, Brasil, Chile, Filipinas, Malásia, México, Nigéria, Peru, Rússia e Colômbia) está associada a um aumento na precisão de previsão de...
... Adoção mandatória das IFRS influencia na previsão de crescimento e rentabilidade? Uma análise em países emergentes Does the mandatory adoption of IFRS influence the forecast of growth and profitability? An analysis in emerging countries ¿Influye la adopción obligatoria de las ... -
Fundamental social rights as subjective rights
...mandatory is always wider than what is de- nitively obligatory. The process of determination of a denitive right is done by the restriction ...
-
Algum dia, talvez, se for o caso...' - frequência e motivos para a não designação da audiência do artigo 334 do cpc em comarcas da justiça estadual paulista
O CPC/2015 apostou no recrudescimento do incentivo à justiça consensual com regras claras para a audiência de conciliação: antecipou-a para logo no início do procedimento e tornou obrigatória a sua designação, salvo exceções previstas (art. 334). A eficácia das regras, contudo, depende de como são aplicadas na prática. Este artigo traz dados sobre a frequência e os motivos usados nas decisões de...
... by setting clear rules for the preliminary hearing - which was placed right at the beginning of the proceedings and whose appointment is mandatory to the judge (art. 334). Nevertheless, its outcomes depend on how the rule will be practiced inside the judicial system. This paper provides data on ... -
Fatores relacionados ao consumo de açúcar por jovens em Portugal: políticas públicas e alfabetização nutricional
To reduce the burden of diet-related non-communicable diseases, promoting healthy eating habits has become a concern of modern societies. In this vein, in addition to trying to improve the health literacy of its population, the Portuguese authorities have recently levied taxes on food products that are deleterious to health. Despite the young exhibiting better health literacy, they also tend to...
.... Mandatory nutrition information may be diicult to understand (Hawkes et al., 2015). Although, over time, food producers have promoted more explicit nutritional ... -
Direct democracy and public finances. An attempt at reconciliation
The article faces two issue, the direct democracy and the budget, in order of discussing how political regimes build their finances, since the premise that finances and taxation determine the health of a democratic regime.
...It can be mandatory or optional, decisional, abrogative, advisory … and its forms may vary: governmental, parliamentary or popular initiative, or both. In case of a ... -
Capítulo 4: Do mandado de injunção (MI)
...Hoje, a forma positiva da injunction, a mandatory injunction, foi incorporada ao instituto e, muito embora ainda seja denominada de mandamus, se difere deste na medida em que o último se aplica ...
-
Assessing Strategic Litigation Impact on Human Rights.
.... (4) The most usual ones are the reporting procedures of the UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies, mandatory to state parties of each treaty, and the Universal Periodic Review of the Human Rights Council of the UN, mandatory to all UN countries. . Diego ...