Introdução à Tanatologia
Autor | Jorge Paulete Vanrell |
Ocupação do Autor | Medicina, Bacharelado em Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais e Licenciatura Plena em Pedagogia |
Páginas | 47-49 |
Page 47
Como a própria etimologia do termo indica –morte, e lóg, estudo –, este tema aborda o diagnóstico da realidade da morte, a causa da morte ou causa mortis médica, a maneira da morte ou causa mortis jurídica, o mecanismo da morte, o momento em que ocorreu, bem como outros elementos que se relacionam, quer com o óbito, quer com os restos mortais, e as evidências que nos transmitem.
Na maioria dos países, a determinação do momento da morte é da responsabilidade do médico, e, não surgindo “novidades”, assim deveria continuar a ser. Em geral o médico poderá, sem auxílio especial, determinar a morte de uma pessoa utilizando os critérios clássicos, de conhecimento de todos os médicos desde que começam a frequentar os ambientes nosocomiais.
Inobstante, dois modernos avanços da medicina tornaram necessário um estudo mais detalhado da questão referente ao momento da morte:
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A capacidade de manter, por meios artificiais, a circulação do sangue oxigenado através dos tecidos do corpo, que podem haver sido irreversivelmente danificados; e
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A utilização de órgãos de alguém que já tenha falecido – por exemplo, o coração e os rins –, para realizar um transplante.
Uma dificuldade que se tem apresentado é que a morte não é um processo instantâneo, e sim um processo gradativo no nível celular, variando a capacidade dos tecidos para resistir à privação de oxigênio. Todavia, o interesse clínico não reside no estado de conservação de células isoladas, mas no destino de uma pessoa, como um todo. Nesse sentido, o momento da morte de diferentes células e órgãos não é quiçá tão importante como a certeza de que o processo tenha se tornado irreversível, quaisquer que sejam as técnicas de reanimação que possam ser empregadas.
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É essencial, pois, determinar a cessação irreversível de todas as funções do encéfalo, como um todo, incluindo a medula oblonga (bulbo raquidiano). Essa determinação estará embasada no julgamento clínico, complementado, se for necessário, por um número de meios auxiliares de diagnóstico.
Entretanto, nenhum critério tecnológico é totalmente satisfatório no estado atual da medicina e/ou da ciência como um todo, tampouco algum procedimento tecnológico pode substituir o julgamento geral do médico. No caso do transplante de um órgão, o estado de morte deve ser determinado por dois ou mais profissionais, os quais não devem estar ligados nem pertencer à equipe que realiza o transplante.
Assim, a determinação médica do “estado de...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Manual de Medicina Legal (Tanatologia)
- Doutrina
- Introdução à Tanatologia
- Conceito Médico de Morte
- Conceito Jurídico de Morte
- As Formas de Morte
- A Cessação da Vida
- Morte Súbita na Infância
- Os Mecanismos da Morte
- O Modo ou Maneira da Morte
- As Lesões Associadas - Lesões 'intra vitam' e lesões 'post mortem
- Fenômenos Cadavéricos Abióticos
- Fenômenos Destrutivos do Cadáver
- Fenômenos Conservadores do Cadáver
- Fenômenos Cromáticos Cadavéricos: Os Dentes Rosados na Perícia Odontolegal
- Cronotanatognose
- As Sucessões Entomológicas
- Cálculo do 'Post Mortem Interval
- A Ética do Perito no Exame Necroscópico
- O Exame Necroscópico 'In Abstracto
- O Exame Necroscópico 'In Concreto' - A Necrópsia Médico-legal
- O Exame Necroscópico
- Exames Necroscópicos Peculiares
- Exame Necroscópico nos Acidentes de Trânsito Terrestres
- O Exame Necroscópico nos Casos de Morte Pós-tortura
- O Exame Criminalístico nas Mortes Pós-tortura e Execuções Sumárias
- O Exame Necroscópico nas Exumações
- O Exame Necroscópico de Ossadas
- O Exame Necroscópico nas Exumações nas Mortes Pós-tortura
- Os Desastres em Massa
- A Identificação pelo DNA em Desastres em Massa
- A Experiência de Desastres em Massa no Peru
- O Papel da Antropologia Forense: Uma Introdução
- Os Arcos Dentários na Identificação
- Identificação Craniométrica
- A Estimativa da Estatura
- A Antropologia Forense Brasileira
- Técnicas Auxiliares
- As Manchas de Sangue: Sua Interpretação em Locais de Morte Violenta
- O Exame Toxicológico nos Restos Humanos: Análises Toxicológicas em Material Biológico com Finalidade Forense
- Alguns Modelos de Relatórios e Pareceres
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